Agree this is excellent, and demonstrates how straightforward phishing really is. 2FA wouldn't save you here either, as that can easily be phished at the same time (except for U2F tokens).
The "point" of U2F instead of HOTP/TOTP is that the code you send to evilhacker.com can't be used on google.com - so getting a usable token by phishing is impossible. HOTP/TOTP are flawed in that you can send the generated code to evilhacker.com and they can use it to log in to google.com with you being none the wiser.
Sort of - the point of u2f is challenge-response on the key, which is tied to the URI or https session, which makes it impossible to phish without a browser exploit
You ask for the token as well and login with it at the same time.
It'll trip you up later if it asks again (e.g. When changing a password or setting up mail forwarding) but your session cookie will be valid for quite some time.
