You can use the "dockerception" method: build in a container with devtools, then import the resulting binaries into a container with no devtools. https://github.com/jamiemccrindle/dockerception

The resulting images can be very small: https://hub.docker.com/r/jjclark/nethack/tags/

It's currently a little difficult because of a bug with building from a tarball: https://github.com/docker/docker/issues/15785